La noción de interpretación desarrollada en el racionalismo crítico de Karl R. Popper muestra atributos específicos que la distinguen de modo sustancial de la interpretación constitutiva de la experiencia que tanto N. R. Hanson como Th. Kuhn defienden en sus respectivas propuestas. Se muestra que la interpretación del modelo popperiano queda atrapada en una epistemología de corte empirista que la separa de modo radical de toda hermenéutica filosófica. The notion of interpretation developed in the critical rationalism of Karl R. Popper (...) displays specific attributes that substantially distinguish it from the constituent interpretation of experience defended in both N. R. Hanson and T. Kuhn proposals. The article shows that the interpretation of Popper's model is trapped in an empiricist epistemology that radically separates it from all hermeneutic philosophy. (shrink)

La Inclusión en la educación superior chilena se ha enmarcado dentro del contexto del respeto a la diversidad, sustentabilidad y dignidad de las personas. La aplicación del Index for Inclusion en la Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins instala como ejercicio la autoevaluación respecto de los propios procesos inclusivos. Esta investigación cuantitativa permite proponer mejoras desde la reflexión de la propia comunidad educativa respecto de la cultura, políticas y prácticas inclusivas. Conocer la comunidad, sus necesidades e intereses, respetando su potencial independiente de su (...) diversidad, es lo que permite establecer procesos de aprendizaje y enseñanza que aseguren una educación para todos y todas. (shrink)

A modo de preámbulo, consideramos importante mencionar que el presente ensayo pretende entrelazar los conceptos mirada y seducción desde distintas ópticas. Se plantean someramente algunas ideas desde la filosofía hasta el psicoanálisis. Se inicia con una “mirada” a las construcciones literarias de creadores de gran importancia, tales como Jean Braudrillard y Georges Bataille, en quienes se estudia la idea del ojo perverso, de la mirada y el deseo, subjetividad que nos atrapa. Se ambiciona articular con teorizaciones psicoanalíticas de lo inconsciente, (...) abundando en investigaciones freudianas y de otros teóricos del psicoanálisis para analizar e interpretar sus “seductoras” aportaciones.By way of preamble, we consider important to mention that this essay intends to link the concepts of look and seduction from different angles. Some ideas are raised from philosophy to psychoanalysis. The article starts with a “look” to the creators of literary constructions of great importance such as Jean Braudrillard and Georges Bataille, in order to study the idea of the evil eye, the gaze and desire, the subjectivity that catch us. The article aspires to articulate psychoanalytic theories of the unconscious, abounding in Freudian investigations and other theorists of psychoanalysis to analyze and interpret “seductive” contributions. (shrink)

Introduction Currently, The nature and scope of Clinical Ethics Protocols in Madrid are not well understood.Objectives The main objective is to describe the features of ‘guideline/recommendation’ type CEPs that have been or are being developed by existing Clinical Ethics Committees in Madrid. Secondary objectives include characterisation of those CECs that have been the most prolific in reference to CEP creation and implementation and identification of any trends in future CEP development.Methods We collected CEPs produced and in process by CECs accredited (...) in the public hospitals in Madrid, Spain, from 1996 to 2008.Results CECs developed 30 CEPs, with 10 more in process. The most common topic is refusal of treatment . If CEPs addressing terminal illness, Do-Not-Resuscitate orders and advance directives are placed into a separate ‘ethical problems at the end of life’ category, this CEP subject emerges as the most common . There is a relationship between the age of the CEC and the development of CEPs . CECs now seem to be more likely to engage in CEP development.Conclusions The CECs in Madrid, Spain, have developed a significant number of CEPs and there is a trend towards continued development. The most frequent topics are ethical problems at the end of life and refusal of treatment by the patient. (shrink)

John Locke's philosophy was deeply affected by medicine of his times. It was specially influenced by the medical thought and practice of Thomas Sydenham. Locke was a personal friend of Sydenham, expressed an avid interest in his work and shared his views and methods. The influence of Sydenham's medicine can be seen in the following areas of Locke's philosophy: his “plain historical method”; the emphasis on observation and sensory experience instead of seeking the essence of things; the rejection of hypotheses (...) and principles; the refusal of research into final causes and inner mechanisms; the ideal of irrefutable evidence and skepticism on the possibilities of certainty in science. The science which for Locke held the highest paradigmatic value in his theory of knowledge was precisely medicine. To a great extent, Locke's Essay on Human Understanding can be understood as an attempt to justify, substantiate, and promote Sydenham's medical method. This method, generalized, was then proposed as an instrument for the elaboration of all natural sciences. (shrink)

Existe una tradición antigua que hace de Jenófanes de Colofón el padre del escepticismo. Esta idea, transmitida por varias fuentes, vincula al colofonio no solo con algunas tesis que fueron apreciadas por los escépticos antiguos sino, además, con una actitud hacia el conocimiento en general. En el presente texto estudiaré esa tradición escéptica con el fin de hacer explícitas las razones que hacen posible atribuirle dicha paternidad y las implicaciones que articulan dicha tradición tienen a la hora de interpretar su (...) pensamiento. (shrink)

The Neoplatonic commentaries on Aristotle’s works have always been considered somehow suspicious. That is partly related to the doctrinal commitments of the commentators, partly with the hermeneutical strategies to which they seem to recur. Both of these reasons have also give place to the accusation of distortion and misunderstanding of Aristotle’s philosophy. In the following paper I want to perform an exercise of disclosing the hermeneutical procedure that one of this commentators applies to one of the passages of the first (...) book of the De Anima. The commentator is Philoponus, the passage is the refutation of the soul-harmony theory. My aim is to show that, despite the doctrinal commitments that the commentator may have, his methodology follows Aristotelian guidelines. I hope that this could open perspectives on the value that the commentators must have as philosophers, rather than merely interpreters or paraphrasers. (shrink)

Review of the book: Rossetti, L.. Un altro Parmenide. Diogene Multimedia.

Se busca rastrear la imagen que Platón tiene de Heráclito y articularla con la estructura argumentativa del Cratilo, para comprender las necesidades textuales a las que responde la doctrina del flujo perpetuo, es decir, la discusión sobre la corrección (ὀρθότης) del nombre. Gracias a la inclusión de..

Este trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigación realizada en ESIC UNIVERSITY, consistente en la medición del impacto empresarial que puede tener la robótica. El estudio analiza las opiniones de los alumnos tras visitar y experimentar en un espacio dotado de robots y humanoides, denominado Aula Tech. Se realizó durante 2018 y 2021. El estudio fue cuantitativo. La muestra la compusieron 284 individuos, con paridad de género (140 mujeres y 139 hombres). Los resultados muestran el total desconocimiento de la robótica (...) en la empresa y el temor a la convivencia social. (shrink)

Este artículo examina la posición de Aristóteles frente a la teoría del alma como entidad automotriz a la luz de una concepción menos negativa de la discusión de Aristóteles con sus predecesores. Para ello, exploro la hipótesis de que Aristóteles está produciendo los conceptos necesarios para su propia investigación a través de una crítica de la tesis de Platón. Muestro que, más que a una crítica, a lo que asistimos es a un proceso de apropiación conceptual en el que Aristóteles (...) filtra la opinión para hacer un mejor uso de ella. Para fundamentar mi argumento, muestro cómo funciona el dispositivo exegético de Aristóteles y cómo podría conectarse en su propio procedimiento definicional del libro II del De Anima. (shrink)

Abordamos aquí unos aspectos, posiblemente los menos conocidos, de la dilatada vida de Fray Diego de Deza, como son los orígenes de su linaje en la gallega Terra de Deza y el afincamiento durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIV de la que fue la rama familiar de Toro, su ciudad natal. No perteneciendo a la hidalguía de mayor abolengo y riqueza de los linajes allí establecidos, sus méritos personales le labraron un futuro prometedor, primero por la cátedra docente que (...) ocupó en Salamanca y sus altas dotes como maestro y, además, por la confianza que los Reyes Católicos depositaron en él al nombrarlo preceptor del malogrado príncipe heredero don Juan, lo que le hizo emprender una envidiable carrera tanto eclesiástica como por sus servicios a la Corona. Nuestro objetivo aquí no ha sido otro que vislumbrar sus relaciones parentales y sociales, obviando su brillante cursus honorum en ese doble rol de servicio al altar y al trono. (shrink)

There is no doubt that the use of Internet for purchasing products and services has constituted a crucial change in how people go about buying them. In the era of digital transformation, the possibility of accessing information provided by other users about their personal experiences has taken on more weight in the selection and buying processes. On these lines, traditional word-of-mouth has given way to electronic word-of-mouth, which constitutes a major social change. This behavior is particularly relevant in the services (...) area, where potential users cannot in advance assess what is on offer. There is an abundant literature analyzing the effects of eWOM on different variables of interest in this sector. However, little is known about the factors that determine eWOM. Thus, the main objective of the present paper is to analyze the impact of two variables on eWOM. Both of them are crucial for potential customers in the process of finding hotel accommodations and they can motivate people to make such comments. The results demonstrate that these variables truly have a significant impact on whether or not users make comments on line. Moreover, it proved possible to observe certain differences according to the profile of the tourist involved and the destination where the hotel is located. In the current changing environment, this information is of great use for hotel managers in order to design strategies according to the type of guest they wish to attract. (shrink)

Quality standards fulfilment is an essential task in manufacturing processes that involves high costs. One target is to avoid the presence of burrs in the edge of machine workpieces, which reduce the quality of the products. Furthermore, they are not easily removed since the part can even be damaged. In this paper, we propose an optimized Convolutional Neural Network, to detect the presence of burrs in images of milling parts. Its design is focused on the optimization of classification (accuracy) and (...) performance metrics (training time and number of trainable parameters). The proposed architecture identifies burrs with a 91.16% accuracy in the test set, outperforming existing models as EfficientNetB0. It also reduces the number of trainable parameters from other models as AlexNet by 1.5 million. The prediction process just takes 48.39 milliseconds per image. Finally, in order to check if the model gets a high activation in the region of interest, a visual explanation of the model is also carried out by using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping. (shrink)

El presente trabajo explora la postura bergsoniana en torno a la imagen, toda vez que es constituida, de fondo, por la pregunta ¿qué se puede conocer? A propósito del tema Bergson se ubica en un punto intermedio entre el idealismo y el realismo, considera que la imagen es aquello que es más que una representación pero menos que la cosa en sí que el realismo pretende mostrar como objeto de conocimiento. La comprensión de la imagen no sólo lleva a escenarios (...) epistemológicos, también posibilita observar que ahí donde hay una perspectiva ocurre un enfoque interesado de cierto tema. De tal forma que la relación objeto-sujeto se ve trastocada por la implementación de la imagen, como disposición afectiva del mundo que rodea al humano. Si sólo se conocen imágenes, la pertinencia de las distintas ramas científicas cambia según estas estudien imágenes interiores o exteriores. Para nada la actividad mental, puede ser el propiciador de las imágenes mentales, únicamente es una imagen más del conjunto de imágenes. En lo subsecuente, habrá un desarrollo del conocimiento de las imágenes, una propuesta teórica que ofrece una posibilidad distinta a la científica, pero que no es contradictoria. Palabras clave: Bergson - Imagen - Conocimiento - Idealismo - Realismo - Percepción. (shrink)

This volume has 41 chapters written to honor the 100th birthday of Mario Bunge. It celebrates the work of this influential Argentine/Canadian physicist and philosopher. Contributions show the value of Bunge’s science-informed philosophy and his systematic approach to philosophical problems. The chapters explore the exceptionally wide spectrum of Bunge’s contributions to: metaphysics, methodology and philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of physics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of social science, philosophy of biology, philosophy of technology, moral philosophy, social and political (...) philosophy, medical philosophy, and education. The contributors include scholars from 16 countries. Bunge combines ontological realism with epistemological fallibilism. He believes that science provides the best and most warranted knowledge of the natural and social world, and that such knowledge is the only sound basis for moral decision making and social and political reform. Bunge argues for the unity of knowledge. In his eyes, science and philosophy constitute a fruitful and necessary partnership. Readers will discover the wisdom of this approach and will gain insight into the utility of cross-disciplinary scholarship. This anthology will appeal to researchers, students, and teachers in philosophy of science, social science, and liberal education programmes. 1. Introduction Section I. An Academic Vocation Section II. Philosophy Section III. Physics and Philosophy of Physics Section IV. Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind Section V. Sociology and Social Theory Section VI. Ethics and Political Philosophy Section VII. Biology and Philosophy of Biology Section VIII. Mathematics Section IX. Education Section X. Varia Section XI. Bibliography. (shrink)

La pandemia por Covid-19 ha supuesto un cambio notable en el sistema educativo. Las adaptaciones en la forma de enseñar han llevado a que primen unas metodologías sobre otras. El AC requiere relaciones interpersonales y por tanto es esperable que se haya visto afectado por la pandemia. En este artículo se analizan 177 aulas de secundaria y se observa que el AC no está suficientemente asentado pero que su uso es sensible a la asignatura, la edad del profesor y el (...) tipo de aula. (shrink)

This paper reports the experience of using the PAELLA algorithm as a helper tool in robust regression instead of as originally intended for outlier identification and removal. This novel usage of the algorithm takes advantage of the occurrence vector calculated by the algorithm in order to strengthen the effect of the more reliable samples and lessen the impact of those that otherwise would be considered outliers. Following that aim, a series of experiments is conducted in order to learn how to (...) better use the information contained in the occurrence vector. Using a contrively difficult artificial data set, a reference predictive model is fit using the whole raw dataset. The second experiment reports the results of fitting a similar predictive model but discarding the samples marked as outliers by PAELLA. The third experiment uses the occurrence vector provided by PAELLA in order to classify the observations in multiple bins and fit every possible model changing which bins are considered for fitting and which are discarded in that particular model. The fourth experiment introduces a sampling process before fitting in which the occurrence vector represents the likelihood of being considered in the training data set. The fifth experiment considers the sampling process as an internal step to be performed interleaved between the training epochs. The last experiment compares our approach using weighted neural networks to a state of the art method. (shrink)

En este artículo se analiza un conjunto de obras sobre ríos y represas que pertenece a la serie titulada Represa /Represión (2012-) de la artista colombiana Carolina Caycedo. La pregunta de la que se ocupa esta investigación es ¿cómo las estrategias estéticas de estas obras identifican los problemas socio-ecológicos generados por las represas y contribuyen a articular imaginarios políticos de sostenibilidad? El argumento principal es que las obras de Caycedo sobre el río Yuma o Magdalena contribuyen con la construcción (...) de una memoria histórica ambiental, a partir de saberes populares, campesinos y cosmovisiones indígenas. Con este fin, este texto caracteriza el problema de las represas a partir de los conceptos de ‘extractivismo’, de Macarena Gómez-Barris, y ‘desterritorialización’, de Rob Nixon, para luego realizar un recorrido por las obras de la artista, de cuyo análisis se va construyendo una caracterización de la memoria histórica ambiental de un segmento del río Yuma. El marco conceptual del trabajo incluye las nociones de ‘seres-tierra’, de Marisol de la Cadena y ‘territorio’, de Arturo Escobar, así como ‘memoria de los ríos’, de Kristina Lyons. La metodología se basa en el análisis conceptual y técnico de las piezas de Caycedo en el marco interdisciplinar de las humanidades ambientales. El análisis concluye que las obras de Caycedo generan espacios de memoria histórica ambiental desde perspectivas trasnacionales y, en estos espacios de encuentro que constituyen las obras, se relacionan y rearticulan los extremos de falsos antagonismos como naturaleza/cultura, humano/no humano y ciencia/arte. (shrink)

Partiendo de que las empresas obtienen mejores resultados si su equipo profesional está integrado y se considera valorado por sus superiores y por el cliente final, este trabajo analiza el valor que puede tener la Gestión de las Emociones en la Gestión del Conflicto Empresarial. Para ello se realiza una profunda revisión bibliográfica sobre el concepto y su aplicación y se muestran los resultados obtenidos de una investigación cuantitativa realizada en el Sector Hotelero. Los resultados demuestran la relevancia de las (...) Emociones en cualquiera de las relaciones de la empresa, con el cliente interno y con el externo. (shrink)

Despite the extensive research in both the determinants and the results of corporate social responsibility (CSR), relatively few studies have considered extra-legal institutions as potential determinants of CSR. Our work fills this gap by looking at how media attention affects CSR over a long-term period in a continental European setting. Our results show that media coverage positively affects CSR. Additional scrutiny triggered by media coverage encourages dominant owners to signal their commitment to limiting self-dealing transactions and their orientation toward stakeholders' (...) needs through CSR investments. Additionally, our results reveal that this signaling device offers greater benefits and lower costs in firms where controlling owners show a voting-cash flow wedge. Our results are relevant to different actors such as investors, auditors, and policy makers as they provide solid evidence that media coverage is an important driver of CSR orientation in a continental European setting. (shrink)

The blooming desert or ‘El desierto florido’ in Spanish, is a millenarian climate pattern caused by El Niño that warms the surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and creates the conditions for rain in the Altiplano and the Atacama Desert, north of Chile. After some millimeters of abundant rain, a rich biotic community emerges, and in a matter of hours or days, the driest surface on Earth becomes an impressive colorful habitat for more than two hundred different species (...) of eye-catching flowers that host the desert biotic life. Unfortunately, this breathtaking display of colors coexists with less appealing but equally astonishing landscapes. The Atacama Desert harbors the largest accumulation of discarded clothing worldwide and the largest pools of lithium mining which require vast amounts of water for their production. Every year, approximately 56,000 tons of used clothing, predominantly consisting of fast fashion polyester products, water-intensive cotton fabrics, and equally polluting material scraps, are deposited, forming toxic mountains of waste. This article presents an interpretation of these distinct landscapes as interconnected realities of the dump that illustrate the impact of biocultural semiocides, whereby the loss of relationships and meanings with Earth materials is shaped by glocal forces. By making this argument, the article contends that the Atacama region replicates the conditions of the Earth as a global dumping and solastalgia, namely ‘the pain caused by the loss of solace and the sense of desolation connected to one´s home and territory.’. (shrink)

The development of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice has transformed the European Union and placed fundamental rights at the core of EU integration and its principles of mutual recognition and trust. The impact of the AFSJ in the development of an EU standard of fundamental rights, which has come to the fore since the Treaty of Lisbon, is a topic of great theoretical and practical importance. This is the first systematic academic study of the AFSJ and its implications (...) from the point of view of fundamental rights. The contributions to this collection examine the normative and jurisprudential development of the AFSJ in order to assess its effects on the overall construction of the scope and standards of protection of EU fundamental rights in this particularly complex and sensitive field of integration. The expert contributors systematically map and critically assess this area of EU law, together with the relevant case-law. (shrink)

Background:The decision whether to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation may sometimes be ethically complex. While studies have addressed some of these issues, along with the role of nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, most have not considered the importance of nurses acting as advocates for their patients with respect to cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Research objective:To explore what the nurse’s advocacy role is in cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the perspective of patients, relatives, and health professionals in the Basque Country (Spain).Research design:An exploratory critical qualitative study was conducted from (...) October 2015 to March 2016. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Participants:Four discussion groups were held: one with patients and relatives (n = 8), two with nurses (n = 7 and n = 6, respectively), and one with physicians (n = 5).Ethical considerations:Approval was obtained from the Basque Country Clinical Research Ethics Committee.Findings:Three significant themes were identified: (a) accompanying patients during end of life in a context of medical dominance, (b) maintaining the pact of silence, and (c) yielding to legal uncertainty and concerns.Discussion:The values and beliefs of the actors involved, as well as pre-established social and institutional rules reduced nurses’ advocacy to that of intermediaries between the physician and the family within the hospital environment. On the contrary, in primary health care, nurses participated more actively within the interdisciplinary team.Conclusion:This study provides key information for the improvement and empowerment for ethical nursing practice in a cardiac arrest, and provides the perspective of patients and relatives, nurses and physicians. (shrink)

José Emilio Pacheco es un autor mexicano de suma importancia en el ámbito de las letras. No solo ha ganado reconocimientos internacionales como el Premio Cervantes 2009, sino que ha producido una extensa obra donde destacan las novelas cortas y sus cuentos, como también sus libros de poesía, principalmente. A continuación, se propone realizar un recorrido por la obra tanto poética como narrativa del escritor mexicano, con el objetivo de develar el funcionamiento de algunas de las temáticas más recurrentes de (...) sus escritos, tales como el valor del secreto o lo oculto y el uso de los géneros de lo privado y lo íntimo, esto en concordancia con el tono reflexivo y crítico de sus escritos. (shrink)

Resumen: Durante la década del sesenta, la revista Movie hereda de Cahiers du cinéma las preferencias por la politique des auteurs y por cierto cine norteamericano. No obstante, sin abandonar esa predilección por un “cine de directores”, a lo largo de su trayectoria la revista británica intentará desarrollar un riguroso método de análisis formal a través de detallados close readings de los films. Algunos de sus integrantes buscan aplicar al cine los planteos de F. R. Leavis y la revista Scrutiny (...) a propósito de la crítica literaria. Es esta modulación analítica la que será puesta en cuestión con el auge del estructuralismo y el posestructurailsmo a los que se asocia la revista Screen en los años 70.: During the sixties, the journal Movie inherits from Cahiers du cinéma the preferencies for a politique des auteurs and for certain american films. However, never abandoning this tendency towards a “cinema of directors”, the british journal develops a rigorous method of formal analysis and detailed close readings. Some of its members try to apply to cinema the concepts elaborated by F. R. Leavis and the journal Scrutiny in reference to literary criticism. It is precisely this analytic method that will be questioned during the boom of structuralism and post structuralism to which the journal Screen will be asociated in the 70s. (shrink)

Resumen: El corpus, siendo una herramienta eficaz, se está empleando en múltiples ámbitos, entre los que se encuentran los estudios de traducción. Sin embargo, dicho recurso no se utiliza con mucha frecuencia en las investigaciones traductológicas cuando una de las lenguas en cuestión es chino clásico (la lengua escrita empleada antiguamente en China), y autores que sí hacen estas investigaciones suelen no mencionar los pasos a seguir cuando se trata un corpus paralelo ad hoc. El objetivo del presente artículo es (...) presentar cómo se elabora un corpus paralelo chino clásico-español tomando como ejemplo la novela histórica Romance de los Tres Reinos y sus traducciones al español. Para ello, hemos descrito la problemática de creación y explotación de este tipo de corpus, siguiendo el orden de las fases del proceso. Resulta que algunas fases del proceso son universales, mientras que otras son propias de lenguas clásicas y de la combinación lingüística chino-otra lengua, en cuyo caso sí faltan aplicaciones eficaces. Con el trabajo, esperamos deparar información a los estudiosos que quieran realizar y profundizar las investigaciones basadas en corpus paralelo y en las obras clásicas de China. Abstract: The corpus, being an effective tool, is utilized in multiple fields. One of them is the Translation. However, this resource isn´t used frequently in translation studies when one of the languages in question is classical chinese (written language used anciently in China). And when it comes to an ad hoc parallel corpus, the steps of how to create it are usually omitted by researchers who make such investigations. The objective of this article is to present how to elaborate a classic Chinese-Spanish parallel corpus taking as example the historic novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms and its two translations into Spanish. To reach the objective, we have described the problem of creation and exploitation of this type of corpus, following the order of the phases of the process. We’ve found that some of the phases are universal while other phases are unique for old languages and for the linguistic combination Chinese-other language. And in this latter case, there’s a lack of effective applications. With the current work, we hope to offer useful information to those scholars who are willing to carry out their own investigations based on self-built parallel corpus and at the same time related to the classic Chinese works. (shrink)

Este texto apresenta resultados de um levantamento sobre os principais autores que tratam sobre a epistemologia da educação física e suas principais contribuições no desenvolvimento da pesquisa sobre a formação profissional. A síntese apresentada integra a pesquisa: “A produção do conhecimento sobre a formação profissional em educação física: realidade e perspectivas superadoras”. Apontamos que os balanços teóricos das produções científicas da área estão provocando a busca de maiores níveis de qualidade nas novas pesquisas. Concluímos que as avaliações epistemológicas são pertinentes (...) como referência básica para novos estudos sobre a formação profissional no campo de Educação Física, Esporte e Lazer. (shrink)

La idea de racionalidad en Michel Foucault no se refiere a un criterio de razón universal a modo de conocimiento puro y neutral, sino conjugada en plural como «racionalidades». Funciona como un régimen de verdad que no solo produce nuevos conceptos y una organización histórica de la observación, sino también dominios de regulación e intervenciones políticas y técnicas. Aplicadas a la economía punitiva, y por extensión a la del poder, las racionalidades punitivas han permitido aflorar un análisis crítico inusual de (...) los sistemas del castigo mediante diferentes conceptos en apariencia usuales que alcanzan una radicalidad inusitada en la objetivación de las redes de poder/saber, y que desbordan tanto el campo de la política penal como el de las rígidas explicaciones materialistas. En última instancia, han permitido construir un orden punitivo macrosocial y unas macroformas de dominación a partir de la diversidad de micropoderes. (shrink)

En la educación médica cubana se ha diseñado un currículo para el cumplimiento de su encargo social donde se inserta la enseñanza del inglés. Actualmente constituye una prioridad trabajar en la búsqueda de estrategias que favorezcan el perfeccionamiento idiomático de los egresados, en este sentido se desarrolló una investigación en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Colón con el objetivo de desarrollar la expresión oral en el inglés con fines específicos en el tercer año de la carrera de Medicina. Se (...) emplearon métodos como el análisis de documentos, la observación participante, y los registros anecdóticos. El sistema de actividades aplicado favorece la negociación de significados, toma de riesgos, mayor precisión al expresar ideas, así como el acercamiento del uso del idioma en situaciones reales con lo cual se logra mayor motivación, objetividad del aprendizaje e independencia, al emplear las habilidades lingüísticas para su desempeño profesional. In Cuban medical education, a curriculum in which English is integrated, is designed to fulfill a social mission. Presently, it is a priority to identify strategies that support the idiomatic improvement of graduates. To this end, an investigation was developed in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas at Colon Campus with the objective of developing speaking in English for Specific Purposes in the third-year of the medical program of study. Methods such as document analysis, participant observation, and review of anecdotal records were used. The resulting system of activities favors the negotiation of meaning, risk-taking, improved precision to express ideas and the expanded use of English language in real situations. This results in greater motivation, learning objectivity and independence to use language skills for their professional performance. (shrink)

The cross-cultural literature is reviewed and integrated together with attitude theories, thereby outlining a model through which certain values influence the intervening variables that ultimately lead managers to tolerate employee bribery. The case of Latin America is employed to illustrate how regionally dominant cultural values may shape managers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, which in turn affect tolerance of employee bribery. A series of research propositions and practical recommendations are derived from the model.

Adults (more than 18 years old) are likely to reproduce the habits that they acquired during childhood and adolescence (from 6 to 16 years old). For that reason, teachers and parents have the responsibility to promote an active and healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents. Even though every school subject should promote healthy activities, Physical Education (PE) is the most important subject to foster well-being habits associated to healthy lifestyle during sport practice and other kinds of active tasks. Indeed, there (...) are many factors that influence the acquisition of healthy habits that should be taken into account when programs and activities are implemented in both educational and extracurricular context. In this sense, psychological and social factors are of utmost importance to achieve optimal experiences for an active and healthy lifestyle. However, due to the myriad of studies analyzing different factors in different contexts, there could be confusion when programs and pedagogical strategies are applied in educational or extracurricular contexts. The objective of this investigation is to analyze the state of art of the psychosocial factors which influence the engagement in physical activities and sport practice. The keywords used in this review were mainly: ‘Self-Determination Theory’, ‘motivation’, ‘Psychological need satisfaction, ‘physical activity and sport engagement’, ‘Elementary Education’, ‘Secondary Education’, ‘Physical Education’. The articles were selected according to the following criteria: (a) peer-reviewed original research published in international journals indexed in JCR or SJR, (b) published in English or Spanish, (c) about psychosocial factors which influence the physical activity and sport engagement, (b) in educational or extracurricular context. Research articles selected were found through nine databases. It was observed that physical activities and sport practice engagement are closely related to psychological factors. In particularly, intrinsic motivation was able to determine the active participation in any activity, including physical activity and sport practice during the implementation of Small-Sided Games and other kinds of pedagogical strategies (e.g., Pedagogical Models). Motivation was also closely related to flow state. Finally, these variables should be considered in order to organize effective programs to promote an active and healthy lifestyle in Physical Education classes. (shrink)

This article aims to improve the knowledge on Generation Z as employees within workforce and in the workplace, as well as on the main thematic trends that drive the research on the topic. To this end, and using bibliometric techniques, a sample of 102 publications on this subject from Web of Science between 2009 and 2020 is analyzed. Research discusses the most published and most cited authors and journals to have a broad view of the context of the subject. Later, (...) through a longitudinal view, the study mainly focuses on analyzing the evolution of thematic clusters, to assess the progress of the themes, as well as the network around the principal motor cluster of each period. The obtained results suggest a hardly developed topic, which started to draw attention in 2018, while still having a wide margin for growth. The core of research on the topic has evolved around “Generation-Z” “generations,” “workplace,” “management” and “attitudes,” “leadership,” “career,” or “learning-teaching-education,” although a low keyword stability among periods was noted. There is a need for further development on a variety of aspects regarding this generation and the labor market, as the study shows a clear orientation toward management and generational diversity within the workplace. (shrink)

Uno de los documentos de la Antigüedad que más atención susci-ta en los años recientes es el llamado Vidas de los filósofos de Diógenes Laercio. Una nueva edición del texto griego salió a la luz en 1999 y otra más está en preparación. A pesar de que durante mucho tiempo se consideró este tratado solamente como un nutrido testimonio doxográfico, y a la persona misma de Diógenes como un transmisor poco fiable de noticias, para la historia de la filosofía es (...) parte de la tradición material que necesariamente ha resultado indis-pensable en la construcción de nuestra visión de la filosofía griega hoy en día. El libro completo reporta los testimonios de al menos ochenta y cinco personalidades que hicieron parte del panorama intelectual de la antigua Grecia. De cada una de esas personalidades se dan tanto noticias sobre su vida como resúmenes de su actividad filosófica y ci-tas presuntamente literales de sus obras. (shrink)